Child Observation Case Study

Child Observation Case Study guardianship has been taken to ensure the provisioning of adequate information to the mother of the tike to be lay under notification. I remove inform the mother of my reasons for conducting the wreak. I stool reassured her on the protection of confidentiality of entirely my observations and mother informed her that I go out use a pseudonym for referring to her girlfriend in all my written hunt d hit got. I have accordingly asked her to chose a pseudonym for her daughter and have accepted her suggestion for calling the child Kirsty.Kirstys mother, Jane, has been informed that the child w seedy not be influenced or pressurised in any way. She will be free to answer or not to answer questions and even out up to withdraw from the exercise at any time she so believes. I have obtained her hold to the conducting of the observation exercise in writing. The signed consent statement is available in Appendix 1. Whilst Kirstys father was not at ho me at the time of the study, Jane informed me that he was aw atomic number 18 of the exercise and had agreed to the same.1.3. Observation ProcessThe exercise was conducted at the garden of Kirstys house. Kirsty lives with her parents in a puny cottage near the beach. The house has a small fenced garden. It was quiet and sunny when the observation was conducted in the presence of Jane, and her neighbour, Priya, a childly woman in her mid-twenties. Whilst it is recommended that the observation was conducted in the presence of the childs mother, anxiety should be taken to ensure that she does not actively participate in the observation process.I carried the Sheridan Scale for 5 year olds for the exercise and noted my observations in the appropriate boxes during the observation process. The observation began at 11 am and move for a couple of hours, wherein I observed Kirstys behaviour in the dustup of few small games that she played, first with her dolls and then with her set of b uilding blocks.1.4 Views of FamilyJane informed me about Kirstys mild asthma, which had first surfaced when she was three and continued to trouble her even today. She was under medical treatment and her GP had advised her that most children outgrew puerility asthma by the time they were 15 or 16 keen-sighted time old. Jane informed me happily about the childs excessive attachment to her father, who had a travelling job and was out of the home for to a greater extent than two weeks each month.Whilst both parents loved their daughter, the father absolutely doted on her and line of battleered her with gifts when he was home. The child had of new-fang guide begun to act wilfully and was apt to extend very deliberate and show signs of aggressive behaviour if her wishes were not met immediately. Her school teacher had overly intercommunicate to Jane about Kirstys wilful behaviour athatupset once in a while.1.5. summarisation of use of Sheridan Scale and Assessment Frame reverse T riangleAsthma, even if it is mild, is know to adversely affect the development of children. Janes information on the whole reenforce my findings from the application of the Sheridan scale for 5 year olds. I had concernfully utilise the Sheridan test for miscellaneous parameters, including posture and large movements, vision and fine movements, audience and speech, and, to some extent, fond behaviour and play. Whilst the child responded positively to the various facets of the test, and was curiously proficient in dancing with me to tapping of feet, skipping, sketching and painting, she appeared to have trouble in skipping and in participating in more strenuous forms of physical activity. Her mother as nearly as became apprehensive if the child engaged in dancing and running.I also found her to be more wilful and apt to become upset if she did not find what she was looking for, or if her smaller wishes, like ask for a glass of water were not immediately fulfilled. She appea red to miss her father, who had to everlastingly go on business trips.The Common Assessment Framework trilateral helped me in understanding the developmental indispensablenesss of the child from three perspectives a) the developmental commands of the child b) family and environment factors and c) parenting capacity. Use of the CAF triangle helped me in realising that whilst the parents were taking good take of her various physical, health and educational need, their overprotective nature was resulting in slowing d induce of her self fright skills as sanitary as her emotional and behavioural development.2. Psychological Theories and Life Span cultivationCognitive development is a process whereby a childs conception of the universe of discourse alters with respect to age and experience. Cognitive psychology, earlier known as the developmental stage theory, seeks to explain the quantitative and qualitative intellectual abilities that occur during a childs developmental days. The work of Piaget is important in understanding human development. Piaget suggests that the thinker of cognitive development is intrinsic to the human organism and language is point on cognitive development.Piaget proposed that reality is essentially a dynamic body structure of continuous interpolate, one that involves transformations and states. Whilst transformations refer to the various changes that a person/ liaison undergoes, states refer to periods in between transformations. A childs cognitive development is primarily dependent on his/her ability to adapt to various situations. Therefore, if human perception is to be adaptive, it must be able to represent both the transformational and inactive aspects of reality. He suggested that whilst operative knowledge rates dynamic or transformational aspects of reality, figurative intelligence represents static periods in between.In understanding cognitive development, Piaget essentially focuses on accommodation and assi milation. Whilst the former focuses on absorbing ones environment by fastening pre existing schemas in order to fit the new information, the latter concentrates on assimilating new information by fitting it into pre existing cognitive schemas.Whilst placing Kirstys development within the context of Piagets stages of development in it recognises that children adopt grouchy types of behaviour and actions during each stage I feel that she was adequately well developed, both operatively and figuratively. Moreover, she was able to assimilate and accommodate to the environment with catch ease. Her enthusiasm to playIntroduction confederacy care essentially aims to bid individuals in need with well-disposed, medical and health support in their own homes, as far as possible, rather than in residential establishments or in long-stay institutions. The enactment of the NHS and connection of interests sympathize with flake in 1990 tag a watershed in the evolution of fraternity care workout in the UK (Means, et al, 2002, p 71). Implemented after years of discussion on the brotherly and financial viability of maintaining commonwealth in institutions and homes, the NHS and Community Care procedure, initiated by Margaret Thatcher, showcased her desire to radically change the practice and delivery of well-disposed and health care in the UK (Means, et al, 2002, p 71).The years following the passing of the process have witnessed signifi crumbt developments in the practice and delivery of neighborly work in the country. This short essay attempts to investigate the basic reasons for the enactment of the NHS and the Community Care recreate, its basic ideology and thrust, and its impact on the brotherly work empyrean of the country. The essay also studies the developments in kind care that have occurred in the years following the act, with particular focus on get off payments for people with learning disabilities, social care provisions for carers and the con temporary idiom on personalisation.NHS and Community Care Act 1990Whilst the initiation of the policy of partnership of interests care in the UK is by and large attributed to Margaret Thatchers conservative government, the concept of company care, even at that time, was not exactly new (Borzaga Defourny, 2001, p 43). The need for community care existed from the beginning of the 1950s. It aimed to provide a better and more cost effective way to help individuals with mental health concerns and physical disabilities by removing them from impersonal, old, and often harsh institutional environments, and taking care of them in their home environments (Borzaga Defourny, 2001, p 43). Although various governments, since the 1950s, supported the need to introduce community care and tried to bring in appropriate changes, lack of concrete action on the issue resulted in constant increase of the come of people in residential establishments and large institutions during the 1960s, 70s and 8 0s (Borzaga Defourny, 2001, p 43).With numerous electronegative stories coming out in the media on the difficult conditions in such(prenominal)(prenominal) establishments, Sir Roy Griffiths was invited by Margaret Thatcher to investigate the issue of community care for the residents of such establishments and pass water appropriate recommendations (Harris, 2002, p 11). The Griffiths, (1988), Report named Community Care Agenda for Action, followed by the publication of a White Paper Caring for People Community Care in the Next Decade and Beyond in 1989 led to the enactment of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 (Cass, 2007, p 241).Apart from macrocosm a strong attempt to improve the lives of people in long term institutions and residential establishments, the law was also an outcome of the conservative governments desire to bring market reforms into the public heavens and stimulate the private sector to enter the social run, as well as its conviction that combative markets woul d be better able to provide more economic operate than a bureaucratised public sector (Harris, 2009, p 3). With social values beingness among the highest revenue spending departments at the topical anaesthetic authority level and domiciliary and residential work for older people consuming the bulk of social service funds, community care for older people presented an obvious airfield for introduction and implementation of market principles (Harris, 2009, p 3).The act split the agency of local and health political science by altering their internal structures, so that local authority departments were required to ascertain the needs of individuals and thereafter purchase required function from providers (Lewis, et al, 1994, p 28). wellness organisations, in order to become providers of such services, became NHS trusts that competed with each other. The act also required local social service and health authorities to jointly agree to community care invents for the local imple mentation of individual care plans for long term and assailable psychiatric patients (Lewis, et al, 1994, p 28).The act has however come in for variable degrees of criticism from service users, observers and experts, with some observers claiming the altered care conditions to be unresponsive, ineffective and offering exact cream or equity (Malin, et al, 2002, p 17). different experts, who were not so pessimistic, stated that whilst the brass was based upon an excellent idea, it was little better in practice than the previous brasss of bureaucratic resource apportioning and received little commitment from social services the lead community care agency (Malin, et al, 2002, p 17). The commitment of local authorities was diluted by the service legacies of the past and vested professional interest, even as social services and health services workers were unable to work well together (Malin, et al, 2002, p 17). Little collaboration took place between social and health services a nd the impact of the reforms was undermined by chronic government underfunding. The voluntary sector became the main beneficiary of this thrust for the development of a mixed parsimoniousness of care (Malin, et al, 2002, p 17).Developments after the Enactment of the NHS and Community Care ActThe assumption of government by the labour party in 1997 resulted in the progressive adoption of numerous forward looking policies in various areas of social care. The publication of a white paper in 1998 reinforced the governments commitment to promotion of community based care and peoples freedom (Means, et al, 2002, p 79). The paper focused on assisting people to achieve and maintain independence through prevention and rehabilitation strategies, with specific grants being introduced to facilitate their implementation. The Health Act of 1999 removed obstacles to the joint working of health and social services departments through provisions for pooling of budgets and merging of services (Mean s, et al, 2002, p 79). The formulation of the NHS plan aimed to improve partnership between health and social care, the development of modal(a) care and the construction of capacity for care through cash for change grants for development of capacity across social and health care systems (Means, et al, 2002, p 79). deal Payments for Individuals with Learning DisabilitiesThe Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1996, which came into operation in April 1997, marked a radical change in the provision of community care for people with disabilities, including those with learning difficulties (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210). It was illegal, prior to the implementation of the act, for local authorities to support people with disabilities by making cash payments in lieu of providing community care services. Policymakers however realised that many local authorities were successfully supporting independent support-time schemes, centres for independent living and personal assistance schemes (Tuc ker, et al, 2008, p 210). Such schemes handled community care payments for incapacitate people and provided them with help to organise assistance or support. The Community Care (Direct Payments) Act built on this situation, allowing hold payments to be make to deputise care services, which otherwise would be given by social service departments (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210).Direct payments provide flexibility in the way services are provided to eligible people. The giving of money, in lieu of social care services, helps people to achieve greater control and choice over their lives and enables them to dissolve on the time and mode of delivery of services (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210). Direct payments can not only be used for services to repay the needs of children or their families but also enables carers to purchase the services they need to sustain them in their roles. Research conducted in 1997 in the utilisation of cipher payments by people with learning difficulties revealed that whilst utilisation of direct payments by people with learning disabilities was increasing, such utilisation was low among women and individuals from minority or dim ethnic groups (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210). Research also revealed the presence of wide differences in the interpretation of the capacity of persons for consenting to direct payments by local authorities. Whilst some local authorities felt that direct payments could be sanctioned to all persons with learning difficulties who were able, with assistance, to successfully control and use direct payments, other authorities did not heed the fact that such people could indeed be assisted to communicate decisions and consequently assumed their inability to consent to direct payments. Such interpretations, it was felt, could debar many people in need from obtaining the installment for direct payments (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 211).Assistance for CarersRecent years have seen a number of social care initiatives for easing the condition of carers. Carers are people who provide assistance and support, without payment, to family members or friends, who are unable to manage without such assistance, on account of illness, frailty or disability (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 1). Carers can include expectants who care for other adults, parents who care for disabled or ill children, or young people who care for other family members. The governments social care policies for carers include supporting people with caring responsibilities for (a) identifying themselves at early stages, (b) recognising the value of their contribution, and (c) involving them from the beginning in designing and training individual care (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 1).Such policies aim to enable carers to (a) satisfy their educational needs and craft potential, and (b) provide personalised support, both for carers and the people they support, to enjoy family and community life and remain physically and mentally well . Whilst the NHS and community care Act 1990 looked at carers as valued resources because of their ability to provide support, it did not refer to their rights relying kind of on rhetoric to deliver the message of their value to society (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 2). Succeeding years have however witnessed greater focus on the needs of carers and to progressive introduction of suitable laws and appropriate policies. The passing of the Carers (Recognition and Services) Act 1995 drew attention to the needs of carers. This was followed by the passing of the Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 and the Carers (Equal Opportunities) Act 2004 (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 2). These acts entitle carers for (a) assessment of their needs, (b) services in their own right and support in accessing education training, employment and leisure opportunities. The proposed equivalence bill introduces four new opportunities for carers. It (a) requires public authorities to give due consideration to socio-economic disadvantages, whilst exercising strategic planning functions, (b) takes account of associative secretion with regard to disabled people, (c) provides for prevention of indirect discrimination, and (d) calls upon public bodies to ensure that their policies are designed to eliminate harassment and discrimination and further equality of probability (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 2).PersonalisationThe concept of personalisation in social care, whilst discussed for some years, was formally inducted into social care practice in the UK with the publication of Putting People get-go in 2007.The concordat outlined the concept of a personalised adult social care system, where individuals will have extensive control and choice over the services received by them. The government committed that social services would progressively be tailored to meet the preferences of citizens, with person centred planning along with self directed support becoming m ainstream activities, assisted by personal budgets for maximising control and choice (Aldred, 2008, p 31). Whilst personal budgets and direct payments form an important aspect of personalisation, the idea concerns fitting services to the needs of people, focusing on outcomes, and recognising the worth of the opinions of service users assessing their own needs, planning their service, and producing their outcomes (Aldred, 2008, p 31).Conclusions and the Way ForwardThis essay investigates the reasons behind the enactment of the NHS and the Community Care Act and studies the developments in social care that have occurred in the years following the act, especially in areas of direct payments for people with learning disabilities, social care for carers and personalisation. It is obvious from the results of the study that social care in the UK has see significant change and metamorphosis since the enactment of the 1990 act.Whilst significant progress has been made a consensus s growing that the British social care system is facing a crisis because of drivers like increasing demographic pressures, alterations in family and social structures, rising public expectations, increasing desire for greater choice and control, and eligibility for services (Glasby, et al, 2010, p 11). The need to move people out of local accommodation because of rising rents exemplifies the challenges faced by the social care system.With the financial system becoming more challenging, the social care system will have to find ways of improving efficiencies without diluting the quality of care (Glasby, et al, 2010, p 11). The following(a) round of social reforms, whilst attempting to achieve better delivery efficiencies will have to renew its commitment to satisfying social expectations and basic human rights, trim back costs, preventing future needs, helping people to regain independence, freeing individuals to contribute, and supporting carers to care and contribute to society (Glasby, et al, 2010, p 11).